
高盛警告:霍尔木兹断航风险或令布油突破120美元
美国投行高盛称,若霍尔木兹海峡供应中断持续且海湾产油国产量未在2027年底前完全恢复,布伦特原油四季度可能突破每桶120美元,但此非基准预测。
高盛在7月20日的报告中勾勒出两种油价前景:基准情形假定中东紧张局势在第四季度缓和,布伦特原油均价将回落至每桶80美元,明年进一步降至75美元;但若霍尔木兹海峡的航运中断延续,且波斯湾产油国的产量直至2027年底才完全恢复,油价可能升破120美元,明年均价达100美元。该行强调,这一极端情景并非核心预测,但风险“偏向上行”。布伦特期货21日盘中在88.5美元附近波动,此前受美伊新一轮冲突影响,油价在4月末曾短暂突破126美元。
推高风险的直接机制是双重航运瓶颈。霍尔木兹海峡的通行受阻已使波斯湾石油外运量降至冲突前水平的45%以下。与此同时,也门胡塞武装宣布对沙特实施海上封锁,并威胁阻断曼德海峡,直接危及经由红海的沙特原油出口通道。大宗商品数据公司Kpler的统计显示,6月经由该航线的原油运输量约为每日740万桶,占全球产量的7%左右。船只被迫绕行非洲好望角,推升了运输与保险成本。咨询公司Stratus Advisors总裁John Pacey指出,若胡塞武装切实切断红海油轮通行,影响将超越原油市场,波及成品油价格,对全球经济构成威胁。
成品油市场的紧绷状态放大了供给冲击的传导效应。高盛分析师指出,柴油市场在冲突前已处于紧平衡,乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的持续袭击、飓风季和极端高温天气进一步压缩了供应弹性。该行建议投资者通过做多2026年12月至2027年3月的欧洲柴油时间价差来对冲地缘政治风险。不过,来自亚洲的需求端因素可能部分抵消上行压力:中国原油进口放缓以及更高的需求弹性,预计将限制油价的涨幅。挪威能源咨询公司Rystad Energy地缘政治分析主管Jorge Leon警告,若停火未能实现,霍尔木兹海峡近乎关闭的状态与胡塞武装在红海的威胁叠加,将令油价面临“非常高的新一轮飙升风险”。
下一步市场焦点将集中于美伊之间的外交斡旋能否取得进展,以及胡塞武装的封锁威胁是否落地。若外交渠道释放缓和信号,油价可能向高盛的基准预测回归;反之,一旦红海航运实质性中断,全球能源供应链将面临自俄乌冲突以来最严峻的考验。
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
|---|---|---|
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
| 阿拉伯海湾媒体 | +0.10 | neutral |
Goldman Sachs warns that a spike above $120 is possible but not the baseline, keeping the focus on the bank’s own risk assessment.
By repeatedly stating that the $120 scenario is not the base case, the bloc frames the news as a technical possibility rather than a likely outcome, reducing alarm.
The geopolitical context of US-Iran tensions and Houthi threats is omitted, keeping the report purely financial.
Iran warns that continued tensions will drive oil prices to dangerous levels, blaming external pressures for the disruption.
By linking the price spike directly to the decline in Gulf flows and a long recovery timeline, the bloc creates a narrative of inevitable escalation unless the situation is addressed.
The fact that Goldman’s base case assumes de-escalation and much lower prices is omitted, making the alarmist scenario appear more certain.
The Gulf states acknowledge the risk but point to ongoing mediation as a reason for lower prices, signaling confidence in de-escalation.
By juxtaposing the alarmist forecast with a real-time price drop linked to diplomacy, the bloc undermines the severity of the warning and promotes a narrative of manageability.
The possibility that mediation efforts could fail and that disruptions might worsen is omitted, softening the overall message.