
特朗普在安卡拉暗示解除对土制裁并考虑出售F-35
美国总统在北约峰会上表示将取消因S-400问题对土耳其的制裁,并研究恢复其参与F-35项目的可能性,此举面临国会法律障碍和以色列的强烈反对。
美国总统特朗普在安卡拉出席北约峰会期间,与土耳其总统埃尔多安会晤时宣布,美国将解除依据《以制裁反击美国敌人法》对土耳其实施的制裁,并将“认真考虑”向土耳其出售F-35隐形战斗机。这一表态逆转了美国自2019年以来的政策:当时因安卡拉采购俄制S-400防空系统,华盛顿将土耳其排除出F-35联合项目,并于2020年实施制裁。特朗普称土耳其“在许多方面比我们以为会忠诚的国家更忠诚”,并点名批评意大利、德国和法国在伊朗军事行动中拒绝协助美国。
各方立场呈现明显分化。安卡拉方面,埃尔多安表示已获得特朗普的“个人承诺”,期待峰会就F-35问题做出“有利决定”,并强调土耳其此前已为该项目投入14亿美元。美国国会两党部分议员则持反对态度,众议院一批议员近日致函白宫,警告在土耳其继续持有S-400的情况下出售F-35将违反现行法律并损害国家安全。以色列总理内塔尼亚胡公开敦促美方不要批准交易,称此举将“打破中东力量平衡”,并指责埃尔多安政府支持哈马斯、威胁以色列。俄罗斯官方媒体转引了美方报道,但未直接评论;俄方此前曾强调S-400合同包含最终用户义务,限制向第三方转移。
法律障碍仍是核心制约。美国2020财年《国防授权法》第1245条明确规定,除非行政部门证明土耳其不再拥有S-400系统,否则禁止向其转让F-35。据《纽约时报》援引四名高级官员称,白宫正探讨多种妥协路径,包括将S-400转移至第三国或使其技术性失效,但尚未达成协议。分析人士指出,即便特朗普宣布意向,实际交付仍需国会修改法律或提供豁免,过程可能持续数月。与此同时,美国上月已通知国会拟向土耳其出售价值逾7亿美元的F110发动机,用于其国产TF Kaan隐形战机,显示防务关系正在回暖。
地缘层面,土耳其作为北约唯一同时与俄罗斯和伊朗保持密切沟通的成员国,在俄乌战争、叙利亚局势及黑海航道安全中扮演关键角色。华盛顿政策圈层认为,拉拢安卡拉有助于制衡俄伊影响力,并推动北约内部防务负担分摊。此次峰会上,欧洲盟友宣布了包括预警机、加油机和反无人机系统在内的数十亿美元联合采购项目,试图回应特朗普对军费开支的长期批评。下一步,美土双方可能通过交换信函启动程序,但国会听证与立法博弈预计将在未来数月展开,以色列的游说和俄罗斯的反应也将影响最终走向。
| 以色列媒体 | −0.70 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.20 | neutral |
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 阿拉伯海湾媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
Israel views with alarm Trump's move that gifts a military capability previously exclusive to a Turkish ally, undermining regional security.
By emphasizing the lost exclusivity and the danger to Israel's air superiority, a sense of urgency and existential threat is created.
The Israeli press omits the context of the Russian threat (S-400) that motivated the original ban, which would make Trump's move more understandable.
Russia observes with skepticism Trump's inconsistency, first banning then reopening, highlighting internal contradictions in US policy.
By highlighting the contradiction between the previous ban and the new opening, the credibility of American leadership is questioned.
The Russian press omits the specific concerns about stealth technology leakage to Russia, which would justify the original ban.
The West records Trump's move as an attempt at strategic realignment, balancing NATO security with the risk of technology leakage to Russia.
By framing the decision in the context of NATO security and technological risk, it presents a balanced analysis with serious implications.
The Atlantic press omits the Israeli perspective of alarm over the loss of military advantage, which could be a key factor in regional dynamics.
The Gulf countries take note of the news without alarm, considering it a normal negotiation between allies.
By reporting the news dryly and without comment, it avoids taking a position and normalizes the move.
The Gulf press omits the implications for regional security and the congressional veto, reducing the news to a simple announcement.