美沙核协议草案曝光：允许沙特铀浓缩，未要求国际原子能机构强化监督
草案已完成谈判但待特朗普签署，其双边保障模式被防扩散专家视为可能为沙特拥核打开通道。
据美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）获取的文件和消息人士透露，美国政府已初步同意与沙特阿拉伯达成一项核能合作协议草案，允许沙特在本土进行铀浓缩活动，且未要求其采纳国际原子能机构（IAEA）的《附加议定书》等强化保障措施。该草案属于美国《原子能法》第123条框架下的民用核合作协定，谈判已于2025年10月结束，但至今仍在等待总统特朗普签署，尚未按法律要求提交国会审议。
围绕该协议，各方立场分化明显。美国行政当局通过能源部长克里斯·赖特去年10月的声明强调，协议包含双边保障安排，旨在“将美国核技术引入沙特”并“坚定承诺防扩散”。但国会方面，据消息人士称，部分议员认为白宫因担心遭遇两党联合否决而推迟签署。沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼此前曾公开表示，若伊朗获得核武器，沙特也将寻求拥核。防扩散专家则警告，在缺乏IAEA严格监督的情况下，允许铀浓缩和钚后处理可能为沙特发展核武器提供潜在路径，且双边保障模式无法替代多边核查机制。
该协议若生效，将对全球核不扩散体系产生多重影响。首先，它打破了美国2009年与阿联酋达成的所谓“黄金标准”先例——当时阿联酋主动放弃本土浓缩权利并接受IAEA最高级别监督。此次对沙特的特殊安排，被国会消息人士形容为“史无前例”。其次，在中东地区，伊朗核问题持续发酵的背景下，沙特获得浓缩能力可能引发区域核竞赛。此外，大国竞争维度同样不可忽视：支持该协议的人士认为，若美国拒绝提供条件，沙特将转向俄罗斯或中国寻求核技术，届时可能面临更少的防扩散约束；但批评者指出，美国绕开国际标准的行为，也将为俄中两国与其它国家进行类似危险交易提供借口。
协议推进的时间点与中东局势紧密交织。特朗普政府以阻止伊朗利用浓缩铀制造核武器为由，对伊朗发动了军事行动，而这场冲突据信是导致协议签署延迟的因素之一。草案中的铀浓缩条款虽附有美方设定的条件，但具体限制细节尚不清晰。目前，该协议仍停留在行政层面，一旦特朗普签字，将立即触发国会审查程序。鉴于两党部分议员已表达担忧，该协议在立法机构的前景并不明朗，其最终命运将深刻影响国际核秩序的未来走向。
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.90 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 阿拉伯海湾媒体 | +0.10 | neutral |
Iran denounces yet another American double standard: while Tehran faces sanctions and attacks, Riyadh is granted enrichment without safeguards, paving the way for a Saudi bomb.
The rhetorical mechanism consists of establishing an explicit parallel between the treatment of Iran and that of Saudi Arabia, highlighting the disparity to delegitimize the deal as hypocritical and dangerous.
The Iranian sources omit mentioning that the deal is still a draft and not signed, and that the war with Iran is cited as a cause for delay, which could weaken the narrative of an immediate green light.
Latin America watches with concern the US-Saudi deal that bypasses international safeguards, creating a dangerous precedent for nuclear proliferation.
The rhetorical mechanism relies on highlighting the absence of international restrictions, presenting the deal as a deviation from non-proliferation norms, thus raising alarm without direct accusation.
The Latin American sources omit contextualizing the deal within the war with Iran, which could explain the delay in signing, and do not mention the double standard regarding Iran.
Russia reports the news of the preliminary US-Saudi deal for uranium enrichment without safeguards, based on CNN sources, without adding its own assessments.
The rhetorical mechanism is the verbatim citation of Western sources (CNN) without commentary, which confers apparent objectivity but avoids taking a stance on the issue.
The Russian sources omit any analysis of regional security implications or double standards, limiting themselves to a sterile chronicle.
The Gulf presents the deal as a step forward in US support for the Saudi civilian nuclear program, delayed only by the war with Iran, without raising criticism.
The rhetorical mechanism consists of placing the deal in the context of the war with Iran, normalizing the delay and presenting the US decision as consistent with the anti-Iran strategy.
The Gulf sources omit mentioning European concerns and the risk of proliferation, focusing instead on the war context with Iran.