美国在古巴抗议五周年之际重申极限施压，哈瓦那强化内部管控
美国国务卿鲁比奥要求古巴进行“真正改革”并释放政治犯，同时古巴面临能源危机与内部抗议分散化的双重压力。
在古巴2021年7月11日大规模抗议五周年之际，美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥发表声明，称美国政府将继续动用一切可用工具，应对古巴政权构成的安全威胁，并推动经济和政治改革。根据美国国务院发布的声明，鲁比奥呼吁古巴领导人“在一切为时已晚之前，选择真正的改革、和平与繁荣”，同时要求立即释放所有政治犯，并指责古巴领导人“窃取和隐匿”国家资源，但未提供证据。
华盛顿自今年1月起对古巴实施“极限施压”政策，包括石油禁运、收紧金融制裁以及限制外国企业进入，导致古巴陷入严重能源危机。据多家国际媒体和能源机构统计，古巴全国性停电频发，仅7月6日便再次发生大范围断电。美国方面表示，若哈瓦那接受政治经济改革，美方愿提供人道主义援助和重建支持，并承诺建立“新的双边关系”。然而，拉美多国及部分国际观察者认为，此举实质上是延续特朗普政府以来的政权更迭策略，鲁比奥本人作为古巴裔美国政客，长期主张维持贸易禁运并推动古巴领导层更替。
面对外部压力，古巴政府一方面提出近200项市场化改革措施，试图缓解经济困境，但未获华盛顿积极回应；另一方面，据人权组织“囚犯辩护者”和美洲人权委员会报告，哈瓦那显著加强了内部管控，通过政治监禁、数字监控和模糊罪名等手段，阻止零散抗议活动相互串联。知名异见人士曼努埃尔·奎斯塔·莫鲁阿向阿根廷《民族报》描述了自己遭安全人员殴打和死亡威胁的经历，并指出政权正“完善机制”以防止2021年式的全国性抗议重演。古巴冲突观察站数据显示，仅今年6月就发生107起现场抗议，主要因停电、食品短缺和治安恶化引发。
从地区格局看，美国对古巴的施压被部分拉丁美洲国家视为“门罗主义”的延续，这些国家强调自身政策的独立性。联合国已警告，美国制裁的升级可能在古巴引发人道主义危机。目前，美方未显示出放松制裁的迹象，而古巴的改革提议尚未成为双方对话的基础。下一步，美国国会可能继续推动针对古巴的次级制裁立法，而古巴国内的社会经济压力与管控力度预计将同步上升。
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | −0.70 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.85 | critical |
The United States, through Marco Rubio, warns the Cuban regime: reforms or consequences. The voice is that of an external actor imposing conditions, with a paternalistic tone toward a regime deemed incapable of self-governance.
The technique presents US demands as universal and necessary, while omitting the context of sanctions that worsen the crisis. A moral hierarchy is created where the US is the judge and Cuba the defendant.
The Cuban government's perspective and the impact of US economic sanctions on the population are omitted, which could justify the lack of reforms.
Russia observes with detachment the American pressure on Cuba, presenting the United States as the aggressor imposing conditions. The voice is that of an external observer who does not take sides but implicitly criticizes interference.
The technique of reprojection reverses the accusation: instead of focusing on Cuban repression, it highlights the unilateral US action, suggesting that the real problem is American imperialism.
The 2021 protests and repression of dissidents are omitted, which could justify the calls for reforms. The focus is solely on the American threat.
Iran sides with Cuba against American arrogance, denouncing the demands for reforms as a pretext for interference. The voice is that of an ideological ally defending Cuban sovereignty.
The technique of denunciation uses emotional and moralizing language, presenting the US as oppressors and Cuba as victim. Any reference to internal protests is omitted to maintain the narrative of unified resistance.
The 2021 protests and the Cuban regime's repression are omitted, which could weaken the narrative of Cuba as an innocent victim. The dimension of reform demands is also ignored.