
美国加征强迫劳动关税引发多国异议,欧盟质疑举证却谨慎呼应既有协议
华盛顿以围堵强迫劳动为由对60个贸易伙伴加征10%—12.5%关税,欧盟政要斥责“无根据”,但委员会称新税未叠加最惠国税率并恢复部分豁免,带来“积极动力”。
7月24日,美国政府依据一份矛头对准强迫劳动的调查报告,对近60个贸易伙伴加征10%和12.5%的关税,被扫入名单的包括欧盟、中国、巴西、日本等主要经济体。美方声称上述国家未能有效阻拦关联强迫劳动的产品进入其市场,导致美国企业面临不公正竞争。新措施在临时全球10%关税到期日立即生效,在途货物宽限至7月28日。
欧盟的回应呈现两个层次。政治层面,欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表卡拉斯在东盟会议场边直言,加征理由对欧盟“完全不适用”,美方此举属“负面意外”,因为布鲁塞尔已全面履行去年7月在苏格兰特朗普高尔夫球场达成的贸易协议。她强调欧盟劳动法标准甚至优于美国,要求华盛顿作出澄清。技术层面,欧盟委员会发言人则指出,新关税并未叠加于既有的最惠国税率之上,且恢复了对软木、钻石等产品的额外豁免,意谓结果“与美方在联合声明中的关税承诺相符”,给后续谈判更多豁免和深化合作带来“积极动力”。依据双方协议,欧盟取消了对美国工业品的关税,美方则对多数欧盟商品维持15%税率。
亚太与拉美国家多表不满。澳大利亚、新西兰和日本均批评美方调查未提供确凿的强迫劳动证据,关税违背自由贸易原则。巴西总税率攀升至37.5%,但国内分析指出,调查未呈现具体个案,且常涉奴工问题的农业部门反未被加征。瑞士经济联合会也宣布指控缺乏依据,瑞士法律已从宪法、民法到刑法全面禁止强迫劳动。值得注意的是,据“自由行走”基金会数据,美国自身才是全球最大强迫劳动风险商品进口国,年规模约1696亿美元,远超被点名的巴西等国。
此轮关税是特朗普政府在最高法院否决“对等关税”后,为实现近乎全球性征税而重打的牌,借劳工标准继续压缩贸易逆差并保护制造业。对亚洲出口商而言,不确定性持续叠加。欧盟内部正浮现张力:政治层面上拒斥新关税的理由,技术官僚层则寄望维持合作框架。下一步,外界将紧盯美方是否会就强迫劳动指控提供更多细节,以及新关税的持久性。欧盟已表态将讨要澄清,去年协议的后续执行状况将直断跨大西洋经贸关系的稳定性。
| 阿拉伯黎凡特—马格里布媒体 | −0.60 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | −0.50 | critical |
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.60 | critical |
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | −0.80 | critical |
The EU foreign policy chief dismisses US accusations and asserts the superiority of European labor norms.
She directly compares European and American labor laws to invalidate the justification, shifting the debate from allegations to self-praise.
It omits the European Commission's cautious welcome of the tariffs as consistent with the agreement, focusing solely on Kallas's denial.
The European Union invokes the 2025 trade agreement and demands the US not break it.
By leaning on the signed deal, the narrative turns the dispute into a matter of fidelity to commitments, delegitimizing unilateral tariffs.
It does not delve into the US position on forced labor nor any reported European violations.
The Commission considers the US tariffs consistent with the agreement, while Kallas judges them an unexpected violation.
By presenting two conflicting EU positions, the Russian coverage avoids taking sides and leaves room for divergent interpretations, suggesting the European reaction is not unanimous.
It omits US statements supporting the tariffs and the context of forced labor allegations.
Kallas calls the tariffs a 'negative surprise' and forcefully defends European labor norms.
Using the emotional language of 'negative surprise', the narrative personalizes the dispute, turning it into an affront to the EU, and bolsters the European position.
It omits the Commission's cautious welcome and any possible basis for US allegations.