
英国以新安全法将伊朗革命卫队列为“外国威胁实体”,支持者面临重刑
伦敦首次动用《国家安全法》指定伊朗革命卫队、关联组织及俄军情机构为“参与外国势力威胁活动”的实体,此举绕过传统反恐法限制,引发德黑兰强烈抗议。
英国政府于7月13日宣布,将伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队(IRGC)正式列为“参与外国势力威胁活动的实体”,同时被指定的还包括被指对英国犹太目标发动系列纵火袭击的“伊斯兰右派伙伴运动”(IMCR),以及俄罗斯总参谋部情报总局(GRU)的“志愿军团”。根据上周生效的《2026年国家安全(国家威胁)法》,任何在英国境内表达支持、提供协助或代表上述组织行事的行为,将面临最高14年监禁;若实施纵火等破坏活动,刑罚可升至终身监禁。首相斯塔默称,此举旨在让英国不再成为“外国势力散播恐惧与暴力的游乐场”。
英国安全事务国务大臣伊格尔在提交议会的书面声明中表示,IRGC的活动涉及“在英国领土上的生命威胁与恐吓”,并指该组织“几乎肯定”指挥了IMCR在欧洲的袭击。伦敦方面称,IMCR已公开宣称对七起针对犹太会堂、救护车及波斯语媒体的攻击负责。伊朗官方媒体则将此轮措施定性为“反伊朗行动”,并强调英国并未将IRGC列入《2000年反恐法》下的恐怖组织名单,而是启用了一项新的法律机制。俄罗斯方面未立即回应,但此前已多次否认西方关于GRU从事破坏活动的指控。
此次指定在法律技术上不同于传统的恐怖组织禁令。英国政府长期面临将IRGC列为恐怖组织的政治压力,但因该组织属于伊朗国家武装力量,直接适用反恐法存在法律障碍。新通过的《国家安全法》专门针对国家支持的代理威胁,允许政府以“类似禁令”的方式指定实体,从而绕开旧法限制。这意味着检方在相关案件中无需再逐一证明被告与外国政府的直接联系,大幅降低了起诉门槛。欧洲政策圈层认为,此举为其他国家处理类似“灰色地带”威胁提供了法律范本。
从地缘政治视角看,英国的决定与欧盟今年1月将IRGC列为恐怖组织的行动形成呼应,进一步压缩了伊朗在欧洲的活动空间。亚洲观察人士指出,此举可能加剧波斯湾紧张局势,并影响伊核问题对话前景。对中国而言,英国同时针对伊朗和俄罗斯实体的做法,凸显了西方将中俄伊视为“修正主义联盟”的认知框架,但北京一贯反对单边制裁和长臂管辖,预计将保持审慎距离。该指定仍需获得议会批准,政府已安排在本周内进行表决,若通过,新规将于7月17日凌晨生效。
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.90 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | +0.60 | aligned |
| 以色列媒体 | +0.80 | aligned |
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.20 | neutral |
Iran rejects the UK decision as a hostile and unfounded act, accusing London of blindly following US policies and targeting a legitimate state institution.
The Iranian narrative delegitimizes the UK measure by labeling it a 'claimed' terrorist listing and emphasizing the lack of legal basis, thereby reducing its credibility and impact.
The Iranian bloc omits specific evidence of threats to life and antisemitic attacks that motivated the UK decision, focusing instead on the alleged political nature of the ban.
The UK government asserts that banning the IRGC is a necessary measure to protect national security and counter state-backed threats, linking the decision to concrete attacks and intimidation on British soil.
The Atlantic bloc frames the ban as a logical response to clear evidence of threats, using the language of 'proscription' and 'terrorist organization' to invoke legal and moral authority.
The Atlantic bloc omits the Iranian perspective that the IRGC is a legitimate state institution, and downplays any potential overreach of the new powers.
Israel welcomes the UK decision as a significant step that joins the US and EU in designating the IRGC as a terrorist organization, reinforcing the international front against Iranian aggression.
The Israeli narrative amplifies the significance of the UK move by placing it within a broader Western consensus and linking it to recent Iranian attacks, thereby legitimizing further sanctions.
The Israeli bloc omits the nuance that the UK measure is not a traditional terrorist designation but a new state threats power, presenting it as a straightforward addition to the terror list.
Russia notes the UK ban on the IRGC and the GRU volunteer corps, highlighting the inclusion of a Russian-linked group and implicitly criticizing the UK's broad targeting.
The Russian narrative maintains a factual tone but subtly emphasizes the dual targeting of Iran and Russia, suggesting a geopolitical motive behind the UK's new powers.