联合国报告：全球吸毒人数达3.31亿创纪录，合成毒品泛滥成新威胁
联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室年度报告显示，2024年全球吸毒人数较十年前上升，可卡因产量翻两番，合成阿片类药物在亚洲、非洲等地快速扩散。
据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室（UNODC）6月26日发布的《2026年世界毒品报告》，2024年全球约有3.31亿人使用过毒品，占15至64岁人口的6.2%，较2014年的5.2%显著上升。大麻仍为使用最广泛的物质，但报告强调，以芬太尼、硝氮烯类物质为代表的合成阿片类药物正以前所未有的速度蔓延，其效力与危险性远超传统毒品。
报告指出，阿富汗塔利班2022年颁布的罂粟种植禁令导致全球海洛因供应锐减，但毒品市场迅速转向合成替代品。2024年，全球毒品市场流通的新精神活性物质（NPS）达755种，其中118种为首次发现，缴获毒品种类较2000年前增加了五倍。欧洲地区合成阿片类NPS的识别数量同比上升逾80%，大洋洲飙升150%，北美则增长约10%，芬太尼已在当地取代海洛因成为主要阿片类毒品。
可卡因与甲基苯丙胺市场同步扩张。2024年全球纯可卡因产量达4100吨，十年间增长四倍，价格下降而纯度提升，导致吸食场景从夜生活向日常生活渗透，弱势群体中快克可卡因的使用量持续攀升。甲基苯丙胺缉获量年均增长约13%，缅甸为主要产地，北美、非洲西部和南部以及西南亚亦出现新市场。非洲多国面临严峻挑战：肯尼亚国家禁毒机构调查显示，该国470万15至65岁人口使用毒品，沿海地区流行率达29.3%；尼日利亚约1430万人涉毒，占同年龄段人口的14.4%，为全球平均水平的三倍；加纳内政部长警告毒品滥用正威胁国家安全。印度尼西亚卫生部估计，2026年该国吸毒者将从2025年的410万增至460万，但现有医疗康复设施远不能满足需求。
报告未单独列出中国数据，但指出缅甸生产的甲基苯丙胺正涌入东亚和东南亚市场，地区安全分析人士认为，这对中国边境管控和国内毒品治理构成持续压力。UNODC执行主任莫妮卡·朱玛表示，从植物性阿片转向合成物的趋势可能永久改变全球阿片市场格局，各国需加强预防、治疗与执法协同应对。目前，该报告已提交各成员国，相关数据仍在持续更新核实中。
| 撒哈拉以南非洲媒体 | −0.20 | neutral |
|---|---|---|
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | −0.60 | critical |
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 东南亚媒体 | −0.70 | critical |
Sub-Saharan Africa calls for concrete action against drug trafficking, highlighting the link between drugs, conflict, and regional instability.
The bloc frames the issue as a security threat requiring a coordinated response, avoiding ideological debates and focusing on operational solutions.
It omits the role of poverty and lack of healthcare access as structural drivers of consumption, focusing instead on supply-side repression.
Latin America denounces the failure of prohibitionist policies and calls for a human rights and public health approach.
The bloc universalizes its regional experience of the failed war on drugs as a global truth, using UN data to legitimize demands for reform.
It omits that some countries in the region have seen consumption declines due to prevention policies, attributing every increase solely to repression.
Continental Europe calls for an evidence-based approach, prioritizing public health and harm reduction over repression.
The bloc adopts a neutral, technical tone, presenting its positions as rational and objective, in contrast to the emotional reactions of other blocs.
It omits the internal debate between countries with more liberal policies (Netherlands, Portugal) and more restrictive ones (Sweden, Finland), presenting a uniform continental stance.
Southeast Asia imposes a hard line against drugs, presenting them as the top threat to social stability and national security.
The bloc builds a hierarchy where drugs are at the top of emergencies, thus justifying exceptional measures and the suspension of individual guarantees.
It omits data showing the ineffectiveness of harsh penalties in reducing consumption, as well as successful harm reduction policies in other countries.