The United States and Iran sharply expanded the geographic scope of their military exchanges on Monday, with Tehran striking American facilities in four allied Gulf states and Washington launching a second consecutive day of air and naval attacks on Iranian positions. Iran’s Revolutionary Guards claimed to have hit US military installations in Bahrain and Kuwait, destroyed radar systems in Oman, and struck fuel and ammunition depots at Jordan’s Prince Hassan Air Base. The US Central Command confirmed that its forces had completed a new wave of offensive strikes against dozens of Iranian targets, including air-defence systems, coastal radar sites, and missile and drone capabilities, using aircraft, warships, and drones. Bahrain’s interior ministry reported that its air defences intercepted and destroyed several Iranian missiles and drones, while Kuwait’s army said it was engaging hostile aerial targets and Jordan’s military confirmed it had downed four Iranian missiles.

Viewed from Washington, the operations aim to degrade Iran’s ability to threaten commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, a waterway that before the war carried roughly one-fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas shipments. US officials stated that around 20 vessels had been escorted through the strait in the previous 24 hours and insisted that “Iran does not control the strait. Traffic is flowing.” President Donald Trump told Fox News that the United States would “probably take over” the waterway and should be reimbursed for securing it. From Tehran, the Revolutionary Guards declared the strait closed until further notice, asserting that the only way to restore regular traffic was to end US military interventions in the area. A newly created Persian Gulf Strait Authority said permits would be issued only once “stability and calm are restored.” Iran’s foreign ministry accused Washington of causing the return of insecurity and rendering diplomatic efforts futile.

The escalation has all but collapsed the interim ceasefire agreement signed on 17 June, which had provided for a 60-day pause to negotiate an end to the war that began on 28 February. Trump said he considered the truce over, while Iran’s lead negotiator, Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf, posted that “the era of one-sided deals is over.” The renewed violence drove Brent crude up 4.3 percent to $79.31 a barrel, with the US benchmark WTI rising above $74, as markets priced in the risk of prolonged disruption to energy supply routes. Analysts in London note that higher gasoline prices carry political sensitivity for Trump ahead of November’s congressional elections. Pakistan, which has acted as an intermediary, expressed deep concern at the regional tensions, and the United Nations renewed calls for de-escalation.

The conflict, launched by the US and Israel against Iran, has killed thousands, mainly in Iran and Lebanon, and has now drawn in multiple Gulf states that host American military bases. Iran is seeking to establish a joint mechanism with Oman to manage strait traffic, but its foreign ministry spokesman said US pressure on Muscat had obstructed those talks. In a parallel development, Yemen’s Houthi movement accused Saudi Arabia of airstrikes on Sanaa’s airport, testing a separate truce. With both sides publicly committed to military pressure and no active diplomatic channel, the dossier remains deadlocked. The US has signalled it will continue strikes to keep the strait open, while Iran warns that continued interference could trigger “greater incidents in the global oil and gas sector.”