
伊朗宣布霍尔木兹海峡新收费规则 友好国家享特殊待遇
伊朗驻华大使称将收取服务费,中国等友好国家获优惠,此举与美国立场相悖,谈判陷入僵局。
伊朗驻华大使拉赫马尼·法兹利7月4日在北京世界和平论坛上宣布,德黑兰将在霍尔木兹海峡对过往船只收取服务费,并明确表示“友好国家”将获得特殊待遇。法兹利称,这一安排依据伊朗与阿曼正在共同拟定的新机制,费用将用于保障航行安全、监管船只通行及弥补大量船舶造成的环境后果,并非“关税”。此表态正值美伊临时停火协议中60天免费通行期即将结束之际,各方对后续规则尚未达成共识。
围绕收费问题,相关方立场分歧显著。美国方面,总统特朗普此前声称伊朗已承诺不收取任何费用,并警告若收费则谈判终止;而伊朗则否认有此承诺,并将免费通行严格限定在备忘录约定的期限内。以英法为代表的欧洲国家则试图通过军事介入恢复航行自由:巴黎和伦敦宣布与阿曼合作排雷,并部署扫雷舰艇,但伊朗副外长加拉巴巴迪明确警告霍尔木兹海峡不是境外力量“展示武力的舞台”,排雷行动须由伊方执行。军事分析人士指出,伊朗凭借地理优势,使任何未经其同意的排雷行动都极为困难。
法律层面,据军事历史学家努斯巴赫分析,《联合国海洋法公约》第38和44条禁止沿岸国征收通行费,但允许对提供的服务收费,这为伊朗提供了运作空间。法兹利亦强调新安排下的收费属“服务费”,而非通行税。然而,实际影响已显现:监测数据显示,近期至少8艘试图沿阿曼一侧通过的船只被迫调头,约600艘商船仍滞留在湾内。伊朗自2月底冲突以来加强了对海峡的控制,禁止与美以有关联的船只安全通行。
中国作为伊朗提及的友好国家,其船只未来可能享受优惠费率,但中国外交部已呼吁尽快恢复海峡安全与航行自由,并正通过巴基斯坦等渠道施加影响。当前美伊在卡塔尔的谈判未就解冻伊朗资金取得突破,排雷与核问题谈判亦未启动。海峡的战略僵局短期内难解,能源运输风险持续,全球约五分之一原油及液化天然气经此水域的流通仍面临不确定性。
| 中国媒体 | +0.10 | neutral |
|---|---|---|
| 以色列媒体 | −0.80 | critical |
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
| 印度及南亚媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
Iran's regulatory role in the Strait of Hormuz is a fact that the international community must accommodate.
Presents Iran's actions as a matter of sovereignty and regional management, using passive constructions and quoting analysts to normalize the fee plan.
The Chinese narrative omits Trump's assertion that Iran had promised him no fees would be imposed, which would question Iran's credibility.
Iran is once again breaking its word and escalating tensions; the international community must not reward such behavior.
Uses the contradiction between Trump's public statement and Iran's subsequent announcement to frame Iran as untrustworthy, relying on direct quotes and a tone of betrayal.
The Israeli narrative omits the fact that Iran and Oman are jointly responsible for security in the strait, and that Iran sees the fee as a legitimate sovereign right.
The situation calls for a multilateral solution that preserves freedom of navigation while engaging all parties diplomatically.
Emphasizes European diplomatic efforts and multilateralism, portraying the fee plan as a problem to be solved through cooperation, not confrontation.
The European narrative omits the Iranian perspective that the fee is compensation for security services provided by Tehran.
India will monitor the situation closely and safeguard its energy interests through balanced diplomacy.
Adopts a factual, detached tone that avoids judgment, citing official sources and focusing on practical implications for shipping and energy supplies.
The Indian narrative omits Trump's previous claim that Iran had committed to no fees, which could undercut the announcement.