
南海仲裁十周年:十四国联合声明否定中国主张,北京强烈反弹
7月12日,美日澳等14国发表联合声明,重申2016年仲裁裁决“最终且具有法律约束力”,中国外交部斥之为“废纸一张”并召见日本驻华公使。
7月12日,美国、日本、澳大利亚、英国、菲律宾等14个国家发表联合声明,纪念海牙常设仲裁法院就南海争端作出裁决十周年。声明称该裁决是“一个重要的里程碑”,确认中国在南海的“九段线”主张“没有国际法依据”,并强调裁决“在涉及海洋权益和主张方面对中国和菲律宾是最终的、具有法律约束力的”。欧盟随后也单独发表声明,支持该裁决为“和平解决争端的标志性决定”。
中国外交部随即作出强硬回应,称该裁决“非法、无效,是一张废纸”,并召见日本驻华使馆公使,提出“严正交涉”。中方声明指出,日本“并非南海当事方,无权对中国领土主权说三道四”,并指责日本借“利益攸关方”之名“企图插手南海事务”。北京同时批评美国等国在南海增加军事活动,构成“军事化和胁迫行为”,是当前地区局势的“首要挑战”。台湾地区涉外事务部门则重申其“四项原则”,表示将继续遵守国际法,维护航行与飞越自由,反对任何单方面破坏区域和平稳定的行为。
此次外交对峙正值南海局势持续紧张之际。菲律宾方面援引2016年裁决作为挑战中国主张的法律基础,并指责中国海警和海上民兵在其专属经济区内进行“危险操作”。与此同时,广州暨南大学一场学术研讨会提出,菲律宾北部的巴坦群岛“构成台湾的自然地理延伸”,因而“属于中国”,引发马尼拉方面警觉。菲方历史学者和官员反驳了这一基于地理和历史解读的论点,但北京尚未正式采纳该学术立场。分析人士指出,此类学术讨论可能被用于测试或塑造更广泛的叙事,尤其是考虑到巴坦群岛靠近连接南海与太平洋的关键水道。
在更广泛的海洋议题上,中国外交部还驳斥了美国和巴拿马关于中国“将船舶检查武器化”的指控,称相关检查是依据国际公约进行的常规港口国监督,并援引数据称,今年1至7月,巴拿马籍船舶在中国水域发生多起严重事故,占外国籍船舶事故总数近半。这一争议虽与南海问题无直接关联,但反映出各方在海洋规则和航行自由问题上的深层分歧。目前,围绕南海仲裁裁决的外交博弈仍在继续,各方立场未见松动,区域海上摩擦风险依然存在。
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | +0.80 | aligned |
|---|---|---|
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | +0.60 | aligned |
| 日韩媒体 | +0.70 | aligned |
The rules-based order defends itself against unilateral violations. The arbitration is final and binding, and destabilizing actions must cease.
The narrative universalizes the arbitration ruling as an unquestionable legal fact, framing non-compliance as a threat to regional stability, thereby delegitimizing any Chinese counter-narrative.
Omits the call for peaceful dialogue present in other blocs, which would soften the confrontational tone.
International law is clear: the ruling is final and binding, and all parties must respect it.
The emphasis on 'final, legally binding, and definitive' presents the ruling as an indisputable judicial fact, depoliticising the issue and making China's non-compliance appear as a legal violation.
Omits the explicit characterization of China's claims as 'illegal' and the term 'destabilising actions', present in the Atlantic bloc, which would strengthen the legal condemnation.
Japan and its partners defend the international maritime order, reminding China that the arbitration ruling is a matter of law, not negotiation.
The use of the 10-year anniversary frames the ruling as a historical milestone that cannot be ignored, thereby moralising the call for compliance.
Omits the reference to 'destabilising actions' and the regional security dimension present in the Atlantic bloc, focusing solely on the legal aspect.