
特朗普正式通知国会恢复对伊朗军事行动,战争权力争议再度激化
美国总统援引《战争权力法》致信国会,称已于7月7日恢复对伊朗境内目标的防御性打击,此举开启新的60天军事行动窗口,引发立法机构对总统越权的强烈反弹。
美国总统特朗普于7月10日正式通知国会,美国武装力量已于7月7日恢复在伊朗境内的“防御性打击”。根据《纽约时报》等媒体获取的信件,特朗普称此举是为回应伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡攻击商船、破坏6月17日签署的谅解备忘录。白宫将此次通知视为启动《战争权力法》规定的新的60天窗口,允许总统在未经国会批准的情况下继续动用武力。此前,美国与以色列于2月28日联合对伊朗发动军事行动,首轮打击中伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊身亡,随后双方在4月达成临时停火,并于6月签署备忘录,但停火于上周破裂。
白宫坚持总统作为三军统帅拥有宪法赋予的自主行动权,强调军事行动“有限、相称、旨在最小化平民伤亡”,且未动用地面部队。特朗普同时宣布恢复对伊朗港口的封锁,并声称美国将“接管”霍尔木兹海峡的管控,对过往货物征收20%费用,以补偿安全成本。这一主张立即遭到伊朗方面驳斥,伊朗武装部队中央司令部声明称“绝不允许美国干涉海峡管理事务”,并指责华盛顿在签署停火协议仅25天后即“公然违反几乎所有条款”。伊朗已对美军在卡塔尔的乌代德空军基地等目标实施报复性打击。
美国国会两院此前已通过约束性决议,要求特朗普在未获授权的情况下终止对伊敌对行动。参众两院虽由共和党以微弱多数控制,但上月仍跨党派通过决议,指示总统撤军。民主党及部分共和党议员批评白宫曲解法律,一名众议院民主党高级助手匿名表示:“总统不能凭空抹去他自己说过只会持续四到六周的战争。”国会研究服务处此前亦指出,若敌对行动在60天期满后以新形式延续,总统的通知义务和撤军时限不应被简单重置。
此次冲突的升级正值美国自2025年底起持续向中央司令部辖区增派兵力,以应对伊朗因货币崩溃和物价飞涨引发的国内抗议。分析人士指出,华盛顿试图通过极限施压重塑地区安全架构,但单方面控制国际水道并征收通行费的做法,可能违反《联合国海洋法公约》关于航行自由的规定,并引发更广泛的经济震荡。目前,美国中央司令部已确认连续第三夜对伊朗目标实施打击,财政部同步恢复对伊朗石油销售的制裁。随着60天期限的重新计算,国会与白宫之间的宪法博弈将进入新阶段,而外交解决的前景因双方互信崩塌而愈发渺茫。
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.60 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.70 | critical |
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
The war in Iran started in February, not July. The US is getting its ass kicked. Talks broke down because Tehran demanded changes.
It selects a chronology that places the conflict's start in February, undermining the US narrative of 'defensive strikes' and portraying the US as already losing.
Congressional resolutions restricting presidential war powers and the limited, defensive nature of the strikes are not mentioned.
Trump has broken the law: Congress did not authorize the war. The passed resolutions oblige the president to seek permission. This notification is an attempt to bypass congressional oversight.
It uses the legal framework of congressional resolutions to delegitimize executive action, turning a military matter into a constitutional violation.
Iranian ceasefire violations and the US justification of strikes as a response are not reported.
Trump notified Congress of resumed military operations, granting the Pentagon an extra 60 days. The ceasefire is over.
It reports facts without commentary, using official White House and Pentagon language to maintain an appearance of objectivity.
The war had already started in February and ongoing negotiations are not mentioned.
Trump's notification reignites the clash over presidential powers. Congress insists that authorization is required.
It frames the story as an institutional conflict between the executive and legislative branches, shifting focus from military operations to the balance of powers.
Specific military actions and the Iranian reaction are not covered.