
中美外长马尼拉会晤:为习近平访美铺路,伊朗与南海议题交织
在东盟外长会议期间,美中外交首长就高层互访、台湾军售及南海行为准则交换意见,同时伊朗战争与霍尔木兹海峡通行权成为多边议程焦点。
7月22日,美国国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥与中国外交部长王毅在菲律宾马尼拉举行的东盟外长系列会议期间举行双边会晤。双方就中国国家主席习近平9月访问华盛顿的准备工作进行了“大量讨论”。鲁比奥在会后对媒体表示,美中两国存在重大分歧,但双方的任务是管控这些分歧,并确定合作领域,为一次“非常积极的访问”奠定基础。王毅则向美方阐述了中方在近期美方一系列负面言行上的“坚定立场”,并要求美国尊重中国的核心利益和“一个中国”原则。中国外交部随后将此次会谈描述为“务实、积极和建设性的”。
在双边关系的具体议题上,台湾问题与南海争端成为焦点。关于美国对台军售,鲁比奥透露,一项价值140亿美元的潜在军售案仍在内部审查中,延迟原因涉及美国自身的国防工业产能与弹药库存。美国总统特朗普此前曾暗示,推迟该军售案可作为“谈判筹码”。中方一贯视台湾为其领土不可分割的一部分,任何对台军售均被视为干涉内政。在南海问题上,鲁比奥在抵达马尼拉时发表的媒体评论文章中,指责北京在南海采取“新的胁迫性威胁”,并重申美国根据《美菲共同防御条约》对菲律宾的防卫承诺。此前,中菲海警与海军人员在争议海域发生对峙,引发地区国家不安。王毅则在会见东盟秘书长时表示,菲律宾安全部门某些人员的蓄意挑衅行为服务于“外部势力”的利益,北京愿与东盟共同“排除干扰因素”。
此次多边外交场合的另一核心议题是持续升级的中东战争及其对全球航运与能源安全的冲击。鲁比奥在面向东盟十国外长的讲话中,将责任明确归于伊朗,称德黑兰“对谈判并不认真”,并警告若允许伊朗控制霍尔木兹海峡,将开创一个“极其危险的先例”,威胁全球贸易赖以存在的航行自由原则。他强调,美国仍对外交途径持开放态度,但如果承诺得不到遵守,“必将产生后果”。东盟各国外长在联合声明中对中东战事表达“严重关切”,指出该地区约60%的能源供应依赖霍尔木兹海峡,战事导致的航运中断已严重削弱通过对话实现和平解决的前景。与此同时,也门胡塞武装对红海沙特油轮的威胁,进一步扰乱了全球能源运输路线,推高国际油价至近六周高位。
在更广泛的地区架构层面,鲁比奥还与日本、澳大利亚、印度外长举行了四方安全对话(Quad)会议,会后联合声明重申对印太地区海上安全倡议的承诺,被外界普遍视为旨在平衡中国日益增长的区域影响力。澳大利亚外长黄英贤对南海的“不稳定和冒险”行为表示关切,而中国外交部则回应称澳大利亚并非南海问题当事方,无权干预。目前,习近平对华盛顿的访问尚未获中方正式确认,但美方预期其将成行。在中东,美伊为期60天的谈判窗口已过半,但外交僵局未破,美军对伊朗境内目标的空袭已持续11夜。全球正密切关注这两条交织的危机脉络如何演变。
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 印度及南亚媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
China, through its foreign minister Wang Yi, imposes respect for its interests and the One China principle; Rubio is called to manage differences in view of Xi's visit.
The Iranian press builds credibility for its narrative by omitting any reference to the Hormuz crisis, focusing attention on China's demands and presenting the United States as the party that must adjust.
There is no mention of Rubio's statement on Iran or the crisis in the Strait of Hormuz, which are central to the Manila meeting according to other blocs.
The United States, through Secretary Rubio, warns Iran that it is not serious about negotiations and that control of Hormuz is a dangerous precedent, while with China efforts are made to prepare a constructive visit by Xi Jinping.
The Atlantic press gives authority to its narrative through direct quotes from Rubio and contextualization of Iranian threats, balancing coverage between the Middle East crisis and diplomacy with Beijing.
It does not highlight China's demands for respect of the One China principle, nor Chinese criticism of U.S. actions.
Iran is portrayed as an irresponsible actor threatening global navigation; Rubio is the voice of the international community imposing consequences.
The Indian/South Asian press uses the strategy of unilateral denunciation, reporting only Rubio's statements against Iran and completely omitting the Chinese dimension of the Manila meeting.
There is no mention of the meeting between Rubio and Wang Yi, nor of the planning for Xi Jinping's visit to Washington.